In a model of sepsis, nicotine inhibits inflammation induced by TLR4 stimulation and interferes with α7-nAChR receptors, increasing a person’s chances of survival.28,29 In the presence of LPS, Nicotine suppresses TLR4 expression in monocytes and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).30 All these activities can be inhibited by α7 antagonists such as mecamylamine and α-bungarotoxin. Here, TLR4 is linked to Sepsis.