Doses of nicotine in the range of M5-10 and M7-10 cause the expression of VCAM-1, ELAM-1, bFGF and MMP-2 genes, all of which are involved in tumor angiogenesis and angiogenesis.37 Cucina et al achieved similar results indicating that increasing nicotine concentration increased angiogenesis and tumor spread by increasing the expression of bFGF and TGF-β. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is neoplasm.