TGFB1 and neoplasm: For example, tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) can secrete TGF-β, IL-6, VEGF, and HGF to promote EMT [46–49]; tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can secrete cytokines and chemokines for matrix remodeling and immunosuppression and to promote angiogenesis, thereby promoting EMT [50, 51]; and T cells can decrease E-cadherin to accelerate EMT in tumors.