TP53 and central nervous system cancer: Besides several hotspot mutations TP53 (36%), IDH1 (24%), NF1 (21%), EGFR (11%), and RB1 (10%) that were previously reported by glioma studies6,9,16,24, some SMGs of gliomas which have not been reported previously, were identified, such as ASXL1 (22%), TLR6 (18%), and NOTCH1 (17%) (Fig. 1A).