Fourteen SMGs (ASXL1, BCR, GLI1, GNAS, HIF3A, IRS2, LEF1, LGR5, MCC, MTUS1, NOTCH4, RNF43, SPECC1, and RB1) were significantly mutated in the GBM samples (OncodriveCLUST, FDR < 0.05), whereas seven SMGs (ATRX, CSF1R, LGR6, MSH2, PIK3R2, RET, and IDH2) were significantly mutated in the LGG samples (OncodriveCLUST, FDR < 0.05; Supplementary Data 2, Supplementary Fig. 2G, H). Here, GNAS is linked to glioblastoma.