TP53 and glioblastoma: By comparing the mutational frequencies of SMGs between LGG and GBM samples, we observed the mutational frequencies of genes participated in RTK/RAS/PI3K signaling pathway (PTEN, EGFR, etc.), and in cell proliferation process (CDK16, TP53, etc.)were higher in GBMs whereas the mutational frequency of genes enriched in embryonic development (FBXW10, FBXW7, etc.), and in cytokine chemokine signaling pathway (TLR8, TLR2, etc.)were higher in LGGs (Supplementary Fig. 2I).