Given that we found no significant differences in gene expression between myofibroblasts from LUAD and LUSC tumours, the varied impact these cells have on tumour progression may be due to intrinsic properties of the malignant cells, as described in a recent study elucidating a LUAD-specific role for GREM1-KDR signalling in disease progression68. Here, GREM1 is linked to neoplasm.