Cases where KIR+ T cell specificity has been identified include self-antigen specific T cell clones isolated from renal cell carcinoma (Guerra et al. 2000) and melanoma (Speiser et al. 1999) patients as well as HLA multimer+KIR+ T cells specific for cytomegalovirus, human T cell leukaemia virus (HTLV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) (Alter et al. 2008; Boelen et al. 2018; van der Veken et al. 2009; Young et al. 2001). This evidence concerns the gene KIR3DL1 and renal cell carcinoma.