The 4 variants were selected based on Supplemental Table 2: variant Pro237Leu had shown the largest effect size on plasma sulfate levels; Leu348Pro is the only SLC26A1 variant for which a disturbance of human sulfate homeostasis has previously been reported in a population study, but without experimental validation (24); and Thr185Met and Ser358Leu, which were reported in the compound heterozygous state in 1 patient with kidney stones in a previous publication (14) but were detected individually in carriers of the GCKD study. The gene discussed is SLC26A1; the disease is nephrolithiasis.