These findings were rather in line with those recently reported for CRC patients, indicating that pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella, and Fusobacterium) and mucin-degrading bacteria (Akkermansia) were more abundant in the gut microbiota of CRC patients and that butyrate-producing bacteria (Lachnospiraceae) were less abundant (23, –, 25). Here, MUC5AC is linked to colorectal carcinoma.