Time from injury to surgery exceeding 7 days, low osteocalcin levels, elevated homocysteine levels, osteoporosis, mode of operation (percutaneous vertebroplasty), lack of postoperative anti‐osteoporosis treatment, and poor diffusion of bone cement were independent risk factors for NVCF in middle‐aged and elderly patients with vertebral compression fracture after bone cement injection. The gene discussed is BGLAP; the disease is osteoporosis.