Ubiquitination of the E3 ligase NEDD4 has been reported to result in downregulation of autophagy-related genes in exoerythrocytic forms (EEFs) during the liver stage of the parasite in the Plasmodium berghei ANKA model, potentially promoting survival of and completion of hepatocyte infection by EEFs [77]. This evidence concerns the gene NEDD4 and infection.