Notably, our in vitro results indicated that dysregulation of immune genes including MHC class I molecules and immunosuppressive genes may serve as a novel mechanism of YBX1 in regulating immune escape in myeloma, which is similar to the finding that YBX1 signaling contributed to tumor immune evasion and resistance by programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in hepatocellular carcinoma [53]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and hepatocellular carcinoma.