TNF and cask-related x-linked intellectual disability: Besides, it is necessary to point out that rs2294021 is located in the coiled-coil domain-containing protein 22 (CCDC22), which has been uncovered in the context of X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and implicated it can play an essential role in the activation of NF-κB (a master regulator of the inflammatory and innate immune responses by regulating the genes that encode inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) [21].