AR and Kennedy disease: The non-steroidal AR antagonist flutamide had no effect on the phenotypic expression of SBMA [21], but protected different mouse SBMA models from AR toxicity if combined with treatments lowering androgen production [21, 25]; notably, flutamide suppressed AR transactivation, but it did not inhibit ARpolyQ nuclear translocation that is the main pathogenic mechanism of SBMA.