Flow cytometry analysis of the exhaustion and memory markers PD-1, TOX, CD39, CD127, Bcl-2 and TCF14 6 7 19 showed higher PD-1, TOX, CD39 and lower Bcl-2, CD127 expression on core18-27-specific CD8 T cells from untreated CHB patients compared with resolved subjects (NUC-RES and SS) and to influenza-specific CD8 T cells from healthy controls. Here, ENTPD1 is linked to influenza.