Bacteremia coinfections with malaria could enhance the clinical severity of anemia and sepsis by decreasing cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression [33], and these mediators were associated with TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10 production [67,68] in coinfected individuals. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and anemia (phenotype).