IFNG and biological process involved in symbiotic interaction: Future investigations of the following factors will be crucial: IFN-α, IL-15, and IL-17 levels for malaria and bacteremia coinfections; IL-12 and CXCL9 levels for malaria and HIV coinfections; TNF and IL-10 levels for malaria and HBV coinfections; IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-13 levels for malaria and dengue coinfections; IL-6 and IL-10 levels for malaria and intestinal parasite coinfections; and IFN-γ and IL-10 levels for malaria and schistosomiasis coinfections.