Our study reported the modulation of PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer via 14 different genes (MAPK1, CSNK2A1, IFNG, PIK3CA, STAT3, EGFR, PDCD1, STAT1, MTOR, PTEN, TLR4, CD274, JAK2, and HIF1A) (Supplementary 2). Here, IFNG is linked to cancer.