CD4 and malaria: However, in light of our previous study identifying B cells as the primary APCs in mice with malaria (Arroyo and Pepper, 2020), as well as data showing that B cells preferentially present nanoparticle-associated antigens to T cells (Hong et al., 2018), we suggest that poor acquisition of iRBC-borne antigen may be one factor underlying the lack of substantial contribution from DCs to the antigen-specific CD4+ T cell response in Plasmodium-infected mice.