Zinc deficiency may cause down-regulation in the key β-cell transcription factors like MafA, Pax6, and Nkx2.2 and lead to β-cell de-differentiation [74], while vitamin D3 treatment can prevent β-cell de-differentiation and increase the expression of genes of VDR, Pdx1, MafA, and Ins1/2 in MIN6 cells [75]. This evidence concerns the gene MAFA and Zinc deficiency.