This study has demonstrated that first, the concentration of first- and second-trimester lipid profiles are significantly different between women with and without GDM, and between women with and without IR; second, both first- and second-trimester TC, TG, and HDL-c are strongly correlated to first- and second-trimester insulin indices, while only TG has sustained correlation with glucose metabolism indices; third, persistently high TG is an independent risk factor for persistent IR and second-trimester IR alone. This evidence concerns the gene INS and gestational diabetes.