TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: A recent study has shown that before initiation of therapy with TNF blockers and after 2 weeks of treatment, the expression of Smad7 in whole blood samples was decreased in IBD children who did not respond as compared to responders (Salvador-Martin et al., 2020), thus suggesting that Smad7 can be a potential marker for early response to anti-TNF in pediatric IBD patients.