SMAD7 and colitis: In line with the human data is the demonstration that Smad7 is over-expressed in the inflamed colon of mice with oxazolone-induced colitis and mice with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, two models showing some immunological similarities with UC and CD, respectively (Boirivant et al., 1998, 2006; Neurath et al., 1995).