After studying 120 SLE patients, they found that neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), urinary transferrin and ceruloplasmin were potential biomarkers for LN which may help differentiating active from inactive LN (39, 40). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and systemic lupus erythematosus.