ZEB1 and cholangiocarcinoma: To further understand the role of EMT in 2D and 3D CCA migration, EMT markers including β-catenin, together with epithelial (E-cadherin), and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, vimentin, ZEB1) were investigated at a protein level in both CCA monolayers and spheroids (Figures 3A, B).