Lactobacillus can play an important immunomodulatory role by stimulating the synthesis of cytokines, promoting the activation of dendritic cells and natural killer cells, inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, and activating antigen-presenting cells in Pyle’s lymph node, which may be closely related to the improvement in clinical symptoms of IBD (44). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and inflammatory bowel disease.