Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) was detected in the TLS-GCs of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and found to support local autoantibody production and the occurrence of clonal expansion, somatic hypermutation, and homotypic switch in B cells (41, 95); Similarly, BCL-6, a transcription factor involved in late stages of B-cell maturation, was found in TLS-GCs in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Here, AICDA is linked to oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.