TNF and infection: When we assessed intracellular cytokine expression of INFγ, TNF, IL-4, and IL-17A (Figures 3I–L; Supplementary Figure S3), we observed that significantly elevated initial levels of INFγ expressing SARS-CoV-2 specific TH cells in inpreviously infected patients remained elevated up to one year after infection (Figure 3I and Supplementary Figure S3), whereas the expression of TNF, IL-4, or IL-17A was not increased at any time point (Figures 3J–L and Supplementary Figure S3).