In accordance with those findings, in our AID-fed NOD mice T1D protection was associated with high increase in A. muciniphila, restoration of the mucus layer architecture with augmented mRNA expression of structural (Muc2) and immune-regulatory mucins (Muc1 and Muc3) and enhanced FoxP3+ Treg and IL-10+ Tr1 cells in the PLN and IIL. Here, MUC1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.