FOXP3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Specifically, since T1D occurrence is associated with acquisition of an effector phenotype by diabetogenic T cells in the gut (10), we asked whether T1D protection in AID-fed NOD mice was linked to a shift of functional phenotype of intestinal T cells from an effector Th17/Th1 type to a regulatory type (FoxP3+ Treg and IL-10+ Tr1 cells).