Imbalance of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD; Ndengele et al., 2005; Cai et al., 2014), catalase (Flick et al., 1988; Kozower et al., 2003) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx; Aggarwal et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2012a) and Nrf2 (Zhu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2016) also contribute to pathogenesis of ALI and ARDS. The gene discussed is CAT; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.