Compared to the WT rabbits, levels of phosphorylated JNK (P-JNK) and phosphorylated NF-κB inhibitor (P-IκB), the indicators of JNK- and NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways, were increased in the livers of CF rabbits in an age-progressive manner (Fig. 5A and B). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and cystic fibrosis.