In terms of biological significance, in vitro and in vivo studies had shown downregulation of miR-29 in conditions of renal fibrosis and both miR-29 and miR-200 respectively targeted TGF-β1-induced production of collagens I and III (Qin et al., 2011), ZEB1/2 and fibronectin. Here, TGFB1 is linked to renal fibrosis.