CD74 and atherosclerosis: For instance, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, that are involved in B cells differentiation and maturation, cell proliferation, and energy metabolism, etc. CD74 through these signaling pathways plays regulatory roles in the development and progress of various diseases, such as ischemic heart disease (5), atherosclerosis (6), hepatic fibrosis (7), immunological disorders, and cancers (1).