These mechanisms might be crucial for the involvement of HERVs in autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (ERVW-1), systemic lupus erythematosus (ERVE and HRES), rheumatoid arthritis (ERVK), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ERVK) (45, 46). The gene discussed is ERVW-1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.