GPT and Ascites: Among patients aged 50 years or younger (HR: 0.31, 95% CI 0.11–0.83), older than 50 years (HR: 0.42, 95% CI 0.25–0.69); males (HR: 0.40, 95% CI 0.23–0.66); and those with (HR: 0.36, 95% CI 0.19–0.67) or without ascites (HR: 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.93), without HE (HR: 0.43, 95% CI 0.27–0.68), with ALT levels < 40 U/L (HR: 0.49, 95% CI 0.28–0.85) or ≥ 40 U/L (HR: 0.29, 95% CI 0.13–0.65), with platelet counts < 80 ×109/L (HR: 0.39, 95% CI 0.22–0.67), and without NA(s) treatment before ETV/TDF (HR: 0.38, 95% CI 0.23–0.62), the positive effects of administration of probiotics continued.