TLR8 and metabolic disease: Paternal DCHP exposure consistently caused significantly increased hepatic expression of genes known to be associated with inflammation or metabolic disorders (e.g., Tlr8, Ccl6, Ccr1, and S100a8) (Fig. 4D) (Ahmad et al., 2016; Catalán et al., 2011; Jiao et al., 2009; Lylloff et al., 2017; Zeyda and Stulnig, 2009).