COL1A1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Chiavarina et al65 used proteomics and scRNA-seq analysis and unveiled 3 major CAF subpopulations in human HCC that expressed biomarkers including COL1A1, Thy1, RGS5, and NDUFA4 mitochondrial complex associated like 2 (NDUFA4L2) (HSC markers, CAF_HSC), PDGFRA, and MMP23B (PF markers, CAF_Port), and myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) and calponin 1 (vascular smooth muscle markers, CAF_VSMC).