Seven markers were excluded following part one of Trans-CHHiP IHC: ATM, MRE11 and VEGF showed minimal differences in staining between normal prostate and tumour across all cases (Fig. S2); MDM2 showed non-reproducible staining that was difficult to score consistently; for EGFR, upregulation was only seen in a small minority of cases (4 of 110 (3.6%); Finally, COX2 and OPN showed highly heterogeneous staining patterns across normal prostate and tumour hence were difficult to score consistently (Fig. S2). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.