LPA and chronic kidney disease: The association of Lp(a) concentration and all-cause or cause-specific mortality was reported in general or healthy populations [8, 11, 12, 34, 36, 58–70], individuals with CVD [13, 14, 30, 67, 69, 71–84], chronic renal failure (CRF) [27, 31–33], and DM [10, 15, 67, 85, 86].