AQP4 and inflammatory bowel disease: In addition, MSCs-derived exosome could convey miR-378a-3p to downregulate the GATA-binding protein 2 (GATA2) expression, which downregulates aquaporin-4 (AQP4) to block the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) signaling pathway, finally inhibiting the incidence of IBD [207].