TNF and neoplasm: Transfected T cells were cocultured with MUC1-positive M47D or MCF-7 tumor cells or with MUC1-negative A431 tumor cells, and the cytotoxic activity of Th1 cytokines, including IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ secreted by MUC1-recognizing CAR T cells, was significantly increased compared with that of untransduced T cells [28].