In combination, we propose that in HCC, aberrant L1 ORF1p expression leads to higher expression of cytoplasmic PIN1, which contributes towards dysregulation of a number of oncogenic pathways—including upregulation of TGFβ and NF-κB signalling—that promote tumour invasion and metastasis. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.