Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) were identified to be important in CDI disease development (McDermott et al., 2015; Yu et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene CCL3 and clostridium difficile infection.