GPX3 and esophageal cancer: In addition, GPX3, EYA4, PAX1, SOX1, ZNF582, SLC22A3, and Polι, all of which were implicated in DNA methylation in esophageal cancer, which in turn influenced the increase or decrease in their expression, could be key factors in the carcinogenesis of esophageal cancer (Lin et al., 2020; Wang H et al., 2021).