ACE2 and infection: The N protein is mainly involved in RNA packaging and virus particle release and is a highly immunogenic and abundantly expressed protein during the infection process and is therefore commonly used in serotype analysis (Zeng et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2006); the S protein exhibits virus specificity mediates virus-host cell adhesion and invades the organism by recognizing and binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (Wang et al., 2020; V'Kovski et al., 2021; Kadam et al., 2021).