TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Interestingly, around 20% of IBD patients treated with anti-TNF develop skin adverse events (SkAE) such as eczema or psoriasiform dermatitis, referred to as paradoxical reactions (Fidder et al., 2009; Cleynen and Vermeire, 2012; Mocci et al., 2013; Nigam et al., 2021).