Furthermore, Th40 cell levels also stratify pre-diabetic patients into two groups, with Th40-high subjects showing a higher percentage of disordered glucose tolerance, CD4/CD8 double-positive population, and T1D-associated HLA, including HLA DR4/DR4 and DQ8/DQ8 (158, 159). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.