have reported that sub-immunogenic vaccination with strong agonistic insulin mimetope efficiently suppresses effector T cells via inducing human insulin-specific Foxp3+ Treg with upregulated Foxp3, CTLA4, IL-2Rα and TIGIT expression, which provides a potential new drug target for prevention of islet autoimmunity of T1D (104). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.