Mechanistically, defects in Tr1 cells would lead to autoimmune diseases, that IL-10 prevents islet destruction and clinical symptoms of T1D through the production of cytokine pathways such as IFN-γ or IL-17, and early intervention of IL2, which can aid in the induction or maintenance of Foxp3, helps to re-establish the proper immune environment and slow down or even reverse the pathological process of T1D (33). Here, FOXP3 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.