HAVCR2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 enhances apoptosis of CD4+ Tim-3+ Th1 cells and downregulates Th1 immune response, and anti-Tim-3 monoclonal RMT3-23 antibody suppresses the TNF-α production and activation of DC, both exhibiting significant therapeutic effects on T1D (116, 117).