32 miRNAs were differentially expressed in GDM with 20 being ↓ and 12 being ↑. 5 of the ↑ miRNAs (hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-19a-3p, hsa-miR-19b-3p, hsa-miR-20a-5p) were validated.18 enriched pathways identified:endocytosis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, insulinsignaling, mTOR signaling, type 2 diabetes, Wnt signaling, proteoglycans in cancer, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. Pathways suggest associations to insulin resistance and abnormal pregnancies. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.