MC3R and brain ischemia: Our present and past results demonstrate that NDP administered i.p. improves peripheral pathologies (hemorrhagic shock, sepsis, myocardial ischemia) and central ones (cerebral ischemia, head trauma and AD) and for the latter it is plausible to hypothesize the involvement of the MC3 and MC4 receptors as they are mainly expressed centrally, but it cannot be excluded an indirect involvement also of the peripheral melanocortin receptors.