In vivo studies with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice, curcumin was shown to be highly effective at regulating the expression of TGF-β1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen-III, as well as in the reduction of extracellular matrix and collagen fiber deposition (Sun et al., 2007; Hu et al., 2020). Here, TGFB1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.