Prusty and Das (2005) reported that AP-1 had high binding activity, and that most of its members were highly expressed in tumor tissues, but c-fos expression gradually increased while fra1 expression decreased, which was consistent with the progression of cervical lesions. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that curcumin selectively downregulates HPV18 transcription and AP-1 binding activity in HeLa cells. Here, FOS is linked to neoplasm.