Consequently, the combination of a Myc-inhibited- or Id2 knockdown-whole tumor cell vaccination and the checkpoint inhibitors anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 was successfully tested in a preclinical anti-neuroblastoma vaccination attempt when immunogenicity of tumors was enhanced and a long-term immune memory induced (15, 46). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.