In another study, CEBPA-51, the preclinical candidate saRNA targeting CEBPA, was encapsulated into liposomal nanoparticles (SMARTICLES) for targeted delivery to the liver, and injected into rats exhibiting cirrhotic HCC, induced by injection of diethylnitrosamine over a 9-week period.66 Here, CEBPA is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.