TGFB1 and cancer: ↓ in normal urothelium (Yang et al., 2018; Zou et al., 2019); ↑ in higher stage tumors (Kim et al., 2001; Yang et al., 2018; Stojnev et al., 2019; Zou et al., 2019); ↑ in undifferentiated tumors (Zou et al., 2019; Stojnev et al., 2019); ↑ was correlated with ↑ cancer-specific death (Stojnev et al., 2019) vs.↑ TGFB1 in lower stage tumors (Miyamoto et al., 1995); ↑ TGFB1 in well-differentiated tumors (Miyamoto et al., 1995); ↑ TGF-β1 in BlCa tumors than normal tissues (Miyamoto et al., 1995)