The level of miR-124 decreases in CRSwNP, and is negatively correlated with the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and TNF-α, suggesting that miR-124 can influence the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells by inhibiting STAT1 and STAT3 activation in the presence of protein inhibitor cytokine signaling 5 (SOCS5) (Liu et al., 2018). Here, TNF is linked to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.